Brazil's national undergraduate research programme, run by CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation. PIBIC develops scientific thinking and research vocation among undergraduates across all fields of knowledge. Scholarship quotas are granted to institutions rather than to individuals: public, private, confessional and community educational and research institutions with a formal scientific initiation policy receive an annual quota, then select projects from their own supervisors, and students become fellows on a supervisor's recommendation. Students must be enrolled in an undergraduate programme and dedicate themselves fully to academic and research activities; supervisors must be affiliated with a participating institution and active in research, preferably holding a CNPq Research Productivity fellowship. The institutional call is normally published in the first half of each year. A companion programme, PIBITI, covers technological initiation.